XLD Agar is used for isolating and differentiation of Gram-negative enteric bacteria. In this medium, Yeast Extract provides the nitrogenous sources and carbohydrates required for bacterial growth. Sodium Chloride supplies electrolytes and maintains osmotic equilibrium. Xylose, Lactose and Sucrose are the fermentable carbohydrates, being the former utilized by most enteric bacteria except for Shigella and Providenciaspp. Upon Xylose depletion, Salmonella (but not non-pathogen Xylose fermenters) decarboxylates L-Lysine and reverts the pH acidification due to carbohydrate fermentation. Phenol Red serves as pH indicator. Sodium Thiosulfate and Ferric Ammonium Citrate detect hydrogen sulfide formation in alkaline conditions.
Buffered Peptone Water is used for pre-enriching damaged Salmonella spp. from various food sources. Edel and Kampelmacher noted that food preservation techniques such as heat, desiccation, high...
Rapport-Vassiliadis R10 Broth is used for the selective enrichment of Salmonella spp. from meat products, feces, and water polluted by sewage. The medium was formulated by Rapport and modified by...
Nutrient Agar is a solid medium used for the non-selective growth of a wide variety of non-fastidious organisms. Pancreatic Digest of Gelatin and Beef Extract provide amino acids, peptides,...
Triple Sugar Iron Agar is used as a differential medium for the presumptive identification of enteric bacteria. The medium contains no inhibitors and most organisms, including Gram-positive organisms...
